From The: University of Toledo Department of Art

                                Fight Back With the Facts
                                                               
Working under the premise that "technology standardization" will save money 
in support costs, the University of Toledo Administration, is attempting to 
"remove all non-PC platforms from the campus" 
However, this decision seems to have been made based on opinion and not fact 
since numerous studies by well respected independent groups have shown that 
these savings simply do not exist. (In fact, the reverse is true ^see below.) 
Further, no faculty were consulted and we would not have known about this 
until after the fact if memos describing this policy had not been "leaked". 
(See one of the memos here.) 

Apple computers are the only truly Y2K compliant ^ out-of-the-box computers 
on the market today. They also are essential for many faculty and students 
and the administration needs to hear from us. In the near future, we may find 
ourselves in the position of justifying our needs. If you use Apple computers 
and wish to continue to do so, it is going to be important to know the facts. 
I have provided many sources and facts pertinent to this issue. If you know 
of others, please let me know. Peter.Patchen@utoledo.edu 

                             Apple Facts with Sources 

Cost Efficiency: 

The higher percentage of Macintosh computers, the lower the technical
support costs.
Gartner Group  The study
--------------------------------------------------------------
When NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston switched from Mac to Windows, 
help desk calls grew consistently from 68,000 calls to 142,000 in two years. 
Ultimately, Congress decided the switchover violated the government's "open 
procurement" law, but it was too late to switch back.
--------------------------------------------------------------
PC support costs are 8 times as high as Mac support.
                                    (McDonnell Douglas Corp.)
--------------------------------------------------------------
PC support costs are 4 times higher than Mac.
                                    (Gartner Group)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Numerous case studies from The Aberdeen Group, a Boston-based consultancy, 
have shown that companies migrating to Windows NT suffer greatly increased 
costs and user dissatisfaction.
                                    (Michael Kucsak, Information Systems 
Coordinator) 
                                    Gartner Group's study on dual platfrom 
support.
                                     Gistic Group's study on platforms
-------------------------------------------------------------
Mac OS X Server outperforms both Windows NT and Sun servers at all tested 
load volumes; for 100 users, the Mac served over 3 times more pages than the 
Sun (using a Solaris server), and over 7 times the NT (using a Pentium III 
server).
                                    (NewMedia, 6/99) 
------------------------------------------------------------
Industry Use: 

In a 1999 study by Roher Public Relations, at Least 70% of respondents in 
each category (print and on-line consumer magazines, trade magazines and 
daily newspapers) want to receive disks readable on Macintosh. Fewer than 5% 
of all respondents said Windows PC disks were their first choice.

In a nationwide survey of 22,000 creative firms, 77% of them plan to purchase 
additional Macintosh computers in 1999, outselling both Windows and Windows 
NT by an astounding margin of over 3 to 1.  The research company stated, 
"Apple continues to dominate the creative and scientific markets."
                                    TrendWatch 1999 Creative Atlas Guide

Apple's market share in video editing is at least 58%.
 (MSNBC, 6/97; the most popular digital film editing system in Hollywood is 
the Avid, which is a souped-up Mac.)

An estimated 80% of all professional music production involves an Apple 
computer. (MSNBC, 6/97)

72% of the alumni of Rochester Institute of Technology - arguably the world's 
oldest (1830s), largest and best school of photography and printing in the 
world - own Macs.
                                    ("Contact Sheet", the RIT alumni news 
letter)
Among U.S.-based professional website design firms, 64% of all sites are 
created using the Mac OS, more than any other platform.
                                    (thessaSOURCE, 1997)

63% of all multimedia applications development is done on Macintosh, per 
Dataquest

A Westinghouse study showed that engineers doing design work are about twice 
as productive using Macintosh as those using a PC.(Westinghouse, 1992)

Mac users are 50% more accurate and 44% more productive than Wintel users.
                                    A.D. Little
                                    The report

The Software Publishers Association "Ultimate Mac vs. Windows Challenge" 
pitted a senior technical editor from Windows Sources magazine and his 
assistant against a 10-year-old Mac user.  In a series of real world tests 
(assembling the computer, connecting a printer and a Zip drive, connecting to 
the Internet, etc.) the youngster finished in HALF the time taken by his 
adult opponents.

"Market acceptance non-withstanding, Windows is far, far behind the Macintosh 
in technical performance, and in the capability to allow users to perform 
their jobs."
                                    (Computer Reseller News, 1998)

US News and World Report: "From a software publisher's point of view, 
releasing a Macintosh version makes good business sense. Production costs for 
Mac software are lower than those for Windows titles; less testing is 
required because there is a single standard for Mac hardware and software. 
And Macintosh owners buy 30 percent more software than their Windows 
counterparts, probably because they find more time to use it and less time 
getting it to work right." 

Macintosh software comprises over 18% of all software sold, and 32% of all 
Microsoft software sold, even though their hardware market is half that.  
Macintosh users actually use more applications than Windows users, citing 
ease of installation of Mac applications as one of the reasons.
                                    (Software and Information Industry 
Association, 1999)

79% of all Macintosh computers ever shipped are still in use.
                                    (Apple Computer, 1999)

Education: 

As of 3/18/99, Apple continues to lead in K-12 computer purchases (64%).

Apple ranked number one brand in education study July 12, 1999, 1:45pm ET
(Gartner Group)

Other Universities:

In 1997, Yale University's University Director of Information Technology, 
Daniel Updegrove, attempted to make the same bad decision U.T.'s 
administration is currently making. It didn't work. (Business Week : Yale 
reverses decision, 1997)

University of Michigan -- Fortunately, enlightenment still prevails at most 
schools. "It is not in the interests of a leading institution to dictate 
computing platform, we will continue to support the Macintosh platform in a 
big way," says Jose-Marie Griffiths (Updegrove's equivalent at the University 
of Michigan). "To limit choice of selection limits opportunity, limits 
student capacity and, ultimately, limits achievement."

Miami University School of Education and Allied Professions' answer to the 
multigenerational technology challenges was nearly 100 new Macintosh  
computers (52 iMac computers and 43 Power Macintosh G3 systems) on faculty 
and staff desktops. All administrative and support personnel and a majority 
of the full-time faculty have a new iMac or Power Macintosh G3. All other 
faculty have received an upgrade to their computing capacity through 
reallocation of recent generation computers.
                                    
Everyone in a faculty or staff position in the School is working from a Power 
Macintosh platform~a reduction from six platforms (five PC) and eight hardware
generations to three on the Macintosh platform. 

Cost Effective, Reliable Solution for Administrative System Access:
                                   
 By combining the WinFrame client with the speed of the Macintosh G3 
processor, Dr. Perry states, "a cost-effective and reliable solution was 
achieved that provides School of Education and Allied Professions faculty and 
staff with universal access and exceptional performance for accessing the 
SCT/Banner 2000 systems." 

The Rochester Institute of Technology in New York State. Adjunct teacher 
Marcus Conge says RIT has dumped all of their DOS machines throughout the 
administrative section of the school, such as the Bursars Office, in favor of 
switching to the Mac. They run the database for the whole school on Macs. All 
figured, Conge says the school has over 500 Power Macs. "The Art and Design 
school just made its biggest purchase last year filling the school with 
Macs," he adds. "These are all tied together on the campus network and the 
Internet as well." 

UT Austin. Over 70% of the installed computer base here is still Mac. And the 
school has no plans to abandon them in the future either, in fact they are 
adding. The University Health Services uses Macs in about 90% of its day to 
day operations.

East Carolina University. This is an all-Mac school; even all but one of the 
office staff uses a Mac. There are two computer labs (36 Mac stations total) 
and almost all of the 65-member music faculty have Mac systems. The main MIDI 
lab of 18 computers will be upgraded to all G3 systems over the summer. The 
university has a faculty workstation program that allows upgrades every three 
years, and faculty have a choice of a Mac or PC system. The School you work 
in usually determines the platform you choose. The School of Art, Music, 
Theatre/Dance, Physics, and English all use Power Macs. The School of 
Education is about half and half Macs and PCs. Even the business school has 
mostly Mac systems in their labs. 

The University of Wisconsin, Madison. The Mac is thriving here, although what 
had formerly been an all-Mac computer lab two years ago is now about 75% Mac. 
Macs (6500s) are used in the school's New Media Center along with one Intel 
machine (running NT server for cross platform purposes), and the University's 
DoIT (Dept. of Information Tech.) center is very pro-Mac. An average stroll 
around campus might reveal a 60:40 Mac/Wintel split.

Vassar College. Vassar is still recommending Macs as the computer of choice 
on campus. Until recently, the school was exclusively Mac, but with Ethernet 
having been installed, it's now possible for the "Wintel side" to connect to 
the network. Still, most computers on this campus  are Macs, and computer 
labs are all-Macintosh, with a small amount of PCs (under 20) in the printing 
room.

NYU School of Medicine. This school is about 80% Mac and has been mostly Mac 
for several years. Most of the administration has switched to the Mac though 
there are people who use PCs, SGI systems, and workstations, as well. 

Cornell University's Medical School. The medical school is in New York city 
and is about 90% Mac. The med students have a state of the art teaching 
facility with 160 Macs. The entire curriculum is Mac-based and the 
administration uses Macs. 

Percentages

Sales of MacOS computers (including Macintosh clones) grew 61% during 1996.  
The MacOS took market share away from Intel-based PCs, whose sales dropped by 
5%.  And this was when the press was shouting that Apple was dead.
           (Computer Intelligence, March 1997)

Apple Computer's software subsidiary Claris Corp. reported record sales for 
Q4 97 ^ up 61%, and 1997 as a whole - up 19%. 

Apple Computer has now grown for seven successive quarters at an average rate 
of 29% at a time when the industry average has been only 11.9% and when 
Compaq Computer and Gateway have reported serious life-threatening losses, 
and Dell Computer has reported slight growth.
              (Gartner Group)

More than 57% of Web sites that use video use QuickTime [to deliver it].
           (Apple Computer) 

On average, the cost to develop and support Windows applications is 50% 
higher per dollar of revenue than the cost to develop for Macintosh.
           (Software and Information Industry Association) 

Half of the families in Family PC magazine's "95 days with Windows 95" gave 
up.  They were "upset over its hardware requirements, frustrated by its slow 
operation, or just plain fed up with compatibility problems."
           (ZDNet) 

Adobe had a 42% increase in Macintosh application sales in Q3 97.
           (InformationWeek Daily) 

20% of all the personal computers in use today are Macs.
           (Mpls Star Tribune, 5/11/98) 

Apple computers account for 15% of CompUSA's CPU sales.
           (From the WWDC Keynote Speech by Steve Jobs, 11 May 98) 

According to independent research firm PC Data, Apple's marketshare has 
doubled in the past 12 months and is now up to 11.3%. Quotes in the popular 
press only cite Apple,s ,retail0/00 sales which is at 5% up from 2.3% in 1997.
           (Retail and mail order sales, fiscal 1999 Q2). 

Position

Apple was the best performing computer stock in 1998, just had its seventh 
profitable quarter in a row, and is currently (7/7/99) at a four-year high. 

Apple Computer's market share is greater than that of Sony televisions, Tag 
Heuer watches, and the COMBINED shares of ALL European passenger cars sold in 
the U.S., including Mercedes, BMW, Volvo, Jaguar, and Porsche.
     (Appliance Manufacturer & Market DataBook of Automotive News, June 1998) 

The Apple iMac is the best-selling computer in CompUSA's 13-year history, and 
it is outselling PC,s 4 to 1 worldwide. 

 Apple Computer's sales volume figures from January 1998 through May 1999 
were higher than Dell, Gateway, Hewlett-Packard and IBM.
           (Don Crabb, Abbott Systems column) 

Apple Computer holds more than twice as many computing patents than does 
Microsoft. 

Apple is the #1 computer company in Australia and in Sweden.
           (IDC) 

Consumer Reports rated the Macintosh #1 in Performance & Reliability, #1 in 
Customer Satisfaction, and #1 in Fewest Repairs.
           (Sept. 1997) 

The higher percentage of Macintosh computers, the lower the technical support 
costs.
           (Gartner Group) 

Negative feelings towards computers are much higher in PC users, and positive 
feelings about computers are much higher in Mac users.
           (Robert Sharl Consultancy, 1997) 

There are just as many Macintosh users as users of Windows 95, and there are 
twice as many Macintosh users as users of Windows 98.
          (Microsoft. In the court appearance arguing against monopoly 
status, 5/98) 

The 300MHz G3 PowerMac delivers better graphics performance than a 400MHz 
Pentium II, and matches the performance of the latest Pentium III system.
           (PC Week) 

A Westinghouse study showed that engineers doing design work are about twice 
as productive using Macintosh as those using a PC. 

The iMac was the #3 selling desktop worldwide in May 1999.
           (PC Data) 

As of March 1999, Apple Computer is the third largest manufacturer of 
computers in the world. The fourth is IBM. 

Forbes Magazine recently placed Apple Computer fourth on its list of "most 
dynamic companies". 

When you take the Fortune 500 and rank them based on shareholder return in 
the past 12 months, Apple is number 5.
           (News article re: Barron's 500) 
Apple is ranked #223 on the Fortune 500 list, ahead of Upjohn, Hilton Hotels, 
General Mills and Bethlehem Steel. 

And finally, an important point to remember when discussing market share: 

Just because market share drops doesn't mean that people are leaving the 
system.  

First, the industry's overall growth could have been outpacing Apple's 
increasing sales. In the past six months the opposite has held true, and 
Apple share has doubled, while everyone else,s share has tanked. Are we to 
thus assume that Wintel is now on its deathbed?

Secondly, Macs are viable longer than Wintel machines (79% of all of them are 
still being used), so while Windows users are forced by program sizes and 
incompatible operating systems, to upgrade their equipment much faster than 
Mac users, Mac users are reaping the benefits of a smart buy. On a per 
operating system basis: There are more Win 3.1 users than Mac users. There 
are the same Win 95 users as Mac users. There are less Win 98 and Win NT 
users than Mac users. These are quotes directly from Microsoft. If Windows is 
so great, then why aren,t more of its users quickly upgrading to the latest 
and greatest software? Could it be that these upgrades on Wintel mean an 
entirely new system (hardware and software)? While on the Mac it has been 
just a change of operating system ^ that all the applications continue to run 
smoothly, lessening the overall upgrade costs?

Thirdly, the Apple Computer and the Macintosh operating system and most 
applications written for the Mac are Y2K compliant out-of-the box. Mac users 
don,t have to waste time and money becoming compliant. If student,s tap into 
the school,s network with a Macintosh, they aren,t going to bring down the 
whole system due to a single transfer of a non-compliant document. Microsoft 
actually warns of such things happening.

Dollars

Legal liability damages resulting from the Y2K fiasco could reach $1 
trillion. 

Spending on systems integration, professional services, and outsourcing to 
address the Year 2000 ("Y2K") problem in computers will reach $280 billion 
between 1997 and 2002.
           (Killen & Associates, 1997) 

 The Macintosh OS has been able to handle 4-digit dates since its inception 
in 1984 and will remain compliant throughout the fiasco (until the year 
20300). The costs to make a pure Macintosh network Y2K compliant is $0  
(zero)! 

Apple Computer has a cash surplus of over $3 billion in 1999. 

A Mac-using creative professional produces $26,441 more annual revenue and 
$14,488 more net profit than a comparable Windows user.  Mac-based 
media-creation studios achieve payback on a new platform in 4.6 months, while 
Windows NT takes over 12.5  months.
           (GISTICS 1997 study of over 10,000 media-producing firms) 

A business Mac user gets $24,000 more work done per year, his or her computer 
is down 14% less, and it costs less to support than any other platform.
           (Gartner Group) 

An extensive survey of actual dual-platform costs collected from real 
organizations in the US with a sample size in excess of 312,000 desktop 
computers concluded that there are NO detectable extra support costs 
associated with having both Macintosh AND Windows over and above having 
Windows alone.
           (Gartner Group) 

Software developers make higher profits with Mac software than Windows 
software. Average revenues per unit remain higher overall for Macintosh 
software than for Windows applications.
           (Reports from PCData and SIIA) 

A private firm, VirTech Communications, set up a Mac server and offered 
$15,000 to anyone who could gain unauthorized access.  No one could ever. The 
site was running for two years and had over 140,000 attacks.
           (NY Times, 12 April 97) 

A single NT server service call to Microsoft costs $195.  A year of Apple 
support costs $70. 

Big Numbers

27.6 million Macintosh computers have been shipped worldwide since 1984, with 
an average of 3.2 users per Mac, meaning there are 60 million Mac users 
world-wide.
           (Apple Computer, 1997) 

Apple sold 800,000 iMacs in less than half a year, and 2 million in a single 
year, making it one of the most successful computer launches ever. It is 
continuing to break all sales records. 

Motorola sold 50,000 MacOS computers in its first 7 weeks of existence, the 
fastest initial sales figures ever for a computer company. 

Power Computing sold over 100,000 MacOS computers in its first year, which is 
more than Compaq, Dell, and Gateway did in their first years COMBINED.  It 
was the largest first-year sales of any computer maker in history. Had the 
iMac been put on the market by a first-year company, it,s sales of 2 million 
in its first year, would have been twenty times larger than that of Power 
Computing. The iBook,s projected sales of 4 million in its first year, should 
leave the iMac in the dust.

Other than Word macro viruses (which now number 8,000), there are over 20,000 
PC viruses, yet only about 40 Mac ones. 

Also, there is no Mac virus that can destroy your hardware. Some PC viruses 
can
zero out the flash BIOS and render the computer totally inoperable. 

There are over 32,000 Mac compatible products, up from only 12,000 one year 
earlier.
           (Apple Computer, August 1999) 

Microsoft admitted on one of their own web pages that Windows NT 4.0 has more 
than 10,000 bugs, and Windows 2000 has over 32,358 bugs reported so far.  
(The page has since been removed.) 

There are 1,889 Mac-only software titles. 

In the business world, the industry standard for Windows systems is one 
support technician for every 25 to 60 computers.  By contrast, the standard 
for Macintosh support is one person for every 100 to 200 machines. 

Gulfstream, a company that manufactures jets, has 1 administrator for 450 Mac 
workstations.

The average Wintel home user spends between 50 and 60 hours each year 
troubleshooting their computer.  The average Mac user spends less than 5 
hours.  (Gartner Group)

The Mac OS is available in over 35 different languages.
           (Apple Computer) 

A new Mac is sold every 9 seconds. 

Strange But True!
The architectural firm that designed Bill Gates' $50 million residence, 
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson in Seattle, is a Mac shop, and Bill bought his mom a 
new iMac, because he said it was too hard for her to understand computing and 
the Mac is so much easier for a novice to use. Gates says his mom doesn,t 
bother him so much with computing questions now.
The high-tech electronics inside Gates' mansion are Windows-based.  The first 
evening at home, his drop-from-the-ceiling bigscreen TV would not shut off -- 
Gates had to throw a blanket over it to get to sleep.
           (Barbara Walters 20/20 interview) 

Bill Gates uses Macintoshes on his desk at Microsoft headquarters.

Bill Gates couldn,t get Windows 95 to boot up at its official launch 
celebration. He threw a tirade then asked jokingly if anyone had a Mac.

Bill Gates did not "invent" DOS, the operating system that begat Windows.  
His company bought code called QDOS ("Quick and Dirty Operating System") from 
the Seattle Television Company for $50,000 and polished it. They did this 
AFTER they had cut a $2.3 million deal with IBM to deliver an operating 
system for their personal computer line. Thus in two days with minimal 
investment and a lot of luck Microsoft took off.
           ("The Six Serendipities of Microsoft") 

Intel's advertising agency is an all-Apple shop with over 600 Macs used to 
create ad content.

Bill Gates said that Microsoft is reviewing the error messages from the 
perspective of users and has recently come to realize, "It's pretty shocking 
how many there are and how cryptic they are."
           (InfoWorld, a Windows PC-oriented magazine, 1999) 

The Navy missile cruiser USS Yorktown suffered a crippling systems failure 
when its Windows NT operating system tried to divide by zero.  "Even a $3 
calculator gives you a 'zero' and doesn't stop executing the next set of 
instructions", said an engineer with the Atlantic Fleet Technical Support 
Center.  The ship ultimately had to be towed into the Naval base at Norfolk, 
VA. 

The "Shut Down" command in Windows is located in the "Start" menu. 

Windows does not even perform such simple checks as verifying that there is 
enough space on a volume before copying data to it.  For example, if you tell 
it to, Windows will begin copying your 900 MB hard drive onto your 1.4 MB 
floppy disk. 


PC World's "Best of '99" award for Best (PC) Operating System is... "NONE".  
Microsoft can't even place in a field of one! 

The setup routine for Windows 98 deliberately disables files used by 
competitors' software and installs different versions of those files ("for 
the use of Win98"). 
(ZDNet)

Despite continual complaints about security concerns, Microsoft uses Win98 to 
keep track of PC owners without their knowledge. Inside every Win98 package 
is a Wizard that creates a directory of all applications and their serial 
numbers on the system, and reports these back to Microsoft on a cookie when 
you connect to the Microsoft network, ask for technical support online, or 
register your product electronically. 
(ZD Net)
 
Just 6 weeks before its release, Bill Gates demonstrated Windows 98 at the 
Comdex98 computer show in Chicago.  As soon as his assistant plugged in a 
scanner, Win98 crashed.
(C/Net) 

An article in the British magazine ComputerActive reports that 47% of readers 
say they now regret having upgraded from Windows95 to Windows98. In a similar 
New York Times poll in July 1999 53% of the readers have indicated similar 
regret (up 9% from a poll last year). 

"Intel chairman Andy Grove, codeveloper of the 'Wintel' PC, has seen the 
future of computing and it is a Macintosh." Andy Grove now uses an iMac at 
both work and home for everything.
           ("Andy Grove Loves His iMac.", TIME Daily, 23 Sept 1998) 

"Despite the advances made by Windows 95, a Mac is still easier to set up, 
easier to learn, easier to use, easier to troubleshoot, easier to upgrade, 
and easier to connect to the Internet."
           (Philadelphia Inquirer, 11/6/97)  

"(People ask me) 'There are many PCs that are less expensive than a Mac. 
Isn't it smarter to buy the cheaper one?'  You know, that same argument was 
used to sell a lot of Yugos and Hyundais in the 1980s, but nobody was calling 
for the death of Mercedes-Benz." 
           (Don Crabb)

When technology reporter Don Crabb visited the COMDEX '98 computer show, he 
noticed that a substantial number of booths were running their Windows 
product movies and slideshows on PowerMacs.  "When I asked some of these 
vendors why, the answer was always, 'Because we don't have much setup time 
and little time to fix it if it crashes.  So we run on a PowerMac and have 
done with it.'  In a half-dozen Pentium-based presentations I sat through, 
the crash rate was a spectacularly bad five out of six."
           (ZDNet Tech News)